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來源: 蘇州工業園區海歸人才子女學校 編輯:佚名
本文作者是蘇州海歸學校高中部升學指導老師謝老師。在加入海歸前,他在北京清華附中擔任升學與生涯教師,今年已經是他職業生涯的第11年。
在他多年的升學指導經驗中,已將120多名學生送往世界各地的理想大學,如芝加哥大學、普林斯頓大學、康奈爾大學、麻省理工等。
謝老師碩士畢業于哈佛大學。作為一名**且充滿熱情的升學指導老師、一名對文化交融與沖突有過深切感悟的“老留學生”,謝老師的加入無疑為海歸學子的升學之路提供了更多助力和保障。這個在學校開設的升學專欄,也許就是一個很好的開始。
學期伊始,專欄首篇,來聽謝老師聊聊——英國UCAS申請文書的開頭,要怎么寫?
建議大家收藏文章,以便溫習。
“UCAS文書要圍繞于學術”,這個觀點誤導了一些同學文書的寫作風格。這句話其實本身沒錯,因為英國文書就是主要描寫學生對于某專業領域的興趣,以及在相關學習經歷中的成長和思考,體現學科理解深度。況且它是一篇文書對應多所學校,不是針對某一學校的情書,而是對多個目標的表白。這么看來是比較渣的,但這也是英國申請的特點。
本次我們來討論一下文章如何開頭。開頭是**印象,好比生意開張的剪彩儀式。有吸引力的開頭,會為我們的文章增色不少。
光講道理沒用,我們要拿證據說話。在總結道理前,我們先看幾篇不同專業英國文書的開頭,來參考一下他們是怎么寫的。
以下我們將看到的所有文書,來自于《UCAS Personal Statement Guide》, 作者Rohan Agarwal為劍橋大學生理學教師,出版過超過75本關于錄取考試以及面試的書籍。我們從案例中挑選的基本都是獲得英國知名院校錄取的學生文書。當然,大家不要認為錄取就是靠這篇文書,盡管它比較重要。另一方面,即便一篇文章的作者獲得了很好的錄取,也不見得就是因為文書寫得。沒有錄取牛劍,不代表文書沒寫到位,畢竟英國申請最為看重學術成績。沒有的文書,只有更好的文書。我們能做的,是針對性分析文書特點,將我們的文章改得更好。
范文分析Ⅰ :藥學專業
一篇申請藥學專業的文書開頭:
Helping to care for children during work experience this summer at an HIV clinic has strengthened my determination to pursue a career in medicine. It was emotionally challenging to witness children suffering, but I was inspired by the tremendous efforts of the team to help improve the lives of their patients.
這個開頭不是非常理想。從內容中,可看出作者說自己對醫學的興趣因為這次實習經歷提升了,而并沒有說明自己學醫的初始動機來自于哪里。
再看另一篇,同樣申請Medicine專業的文書:
“I haven’t eaten all day and I don’t know if I will last the night.” This is one of forty similar messages left within an hour on my house answering machine and was one of the first signs of my Grandma’s dementia. I began to read books on dementia as she deteriorated further which helped us cope with the challenges ahead. She has been diagnosed with Vascular Dimentia and our family has been in close contact with Primary Care and the community mental health team. I was moved by their compassion and unique work ethic, which motivated me to purse a career in Medicine.
從這開頭段可看出,這個學生對藥學的興趣是源于其生活的。為了幫助親人緩解病痛,他開始研究藥學相關的知識。
有同學可能有疑問:這么寫不是像小學生作文嗎?“我家人生病,就從此立志從醫。” 這個橋段有些小學生作文應該都用過,在UCAS文書這么寫,會不會減分呢?
我們先看看,老外是怎么點評這個開頭的:
“Excellent personal entry into the statement. Giving insight into what motivates the student to pursue a career in medicine is centrally important.”
“The strengths definitely lie in the personal touch with the motivation to study medicine.”
兩個評價,對于這個開頭都非常積極。并且在兩個評語中,我們看到了重要的詞——“personal”. UCAS文書是一篇personal statement,其次才是一篇學術興趣論述。
這個開頭之所以沒有像小學生作文那樣陳詞濫調,是源于它樸實的口吻。作者并沒有說因家人生病,自己就立大志向。比如做個好醫生,或者做科學家攻克疑難雜癥。他只是樸實的說“…motivated me to pursue a career in medicine.”這樣就顯得非常真實可信,并不尷尬。口氣越大,往往越不真實。此外,文章首句提供的答錄機的細節,也強化了經歷的真實性。
范文分析Ⅱ:歷史專業
我們再看兩個歷史專業的申請文書,看看它們的開頭和以上展示的兩個例子有何共性:
When recently asked to imagine a world without history, I found it difficult. For me there is nothing more relevant to understanding and explaining humanity than the study of history, and it has been something I have explored and enjoyed from an early age. At nine I remember being puzzled when my German friend visited and she was shocked by how much tea we drank. It hadn’t crossed my mind that her family didn’t as well, but upon investigation I found I’d stumbled upon a very British stereotype. My curiosity was aroused. It was a while before I discovered the East India Trading Company, and how their record imports of tea facilitated the birth of tea culture in Britain, but when I did I was fascinated.
作者講了童年朋友來訪,驚訝于自己家庭喝茶文化的經歷,從而引出自己對歷史的興趣在于該學科對于人性和人類文化的研究。
點評中說道:
“The statement has a very honest, compelling opening. What makes this statement particularly interesting is the personal, anecdotal quality to it; this makes it stand out compared to all the other, more analytical, statements.”
這段內容依然很樸實,作者用一個很普通的童年經歷,引出自己對于歷史的興趣。屬于個人的經歷都是無法復制的,也是每個作者都獨有的。
相對的,我們再看一個評價并不好的開頭:
History is a subject which has always fascinated me. In my opinion, History cannot be treated as a completely separate domain; it is closely linked to other subjects such as Politics, Economics, Geography, Sociology and Philosophy. For instance, one cannot discuss the causes of WW2 without taking into account the development of radical ideologies, the economic weakness of Germany, Stalin’s politics aiming to create a “buffer” of friendly states separating Russa from Europe etc.
很明顯,我們無法從這個開頭中看出來,作者的喜歡歷史的動機是什么,他只是陳述了history has always fascinated me. 接下來,就是大段陳述“歷史觀”,像不像在做PPT陳述?
對于這個開頭的點評,也指出了它的問題所在:
“The first paragraph is weak- it starts cliched and goes on to a list; this is not likely to fair well. It has no draw for the reader and does not really explain why history-rather than the other disciplines listed-interests the student.”
沒有出彩的經歷,如何寫開頭?
有同學可能說,我沒遇到什么特別的、出彩的、激發我對某學科產生興趣的經歷。可能你的興趣來自于潛移默化的影響,比如可能來自一系列、一段時期的學術經歷的綜合,或者是對很多專業權衡比較后的結果。或者很不幸,是家長讓你選的,等等。
實在沒具體故事寫該怎么辦呢?我們來看看這個開頭:
For me medicine offers an academically and mentally challenging profession which amalgamates my fascination with the human body and my desire to work with a variety of individuals with their own individual problems on a day to day basis. It offers a chance to make a real difference to the lives of others.
作者使用概括性的方式,把自己對醫學哪些方面感興趣列舉了出來:human body, desire to work with a variety of individuals。段落的核心依舊是“我的興趣”,并沒有偏離到“醫學是什么”這個方面。而且,在最后一句話中,還提到了自己選擇該專業的志向:make a real difference to the lives of others. 雖然我個人不太喜歡這種表達方法,這個開頭也算是將“喜歡什么”和“未來志向”都表達出來了,可惜的是沒有說明自己的“學習動機”。
此外,這個開頭句實在太長了,整個**段才兩句話,這個安排并不是很合理。
但值得一提的是,這篇文章之后的段落非常好,將開頭的瑕疵補償了,學生也獲得了比較好的錄取結果。如果你開頭實在覺得困難,很難寫得精彩,也不用過于擔心,只要避免我們本文講到的錯誤就可以。
回到這個話題,我們看一篇經濟學的文章開頭。如果你的專業興趣源于校內科目學習,看看當興趣源于學習時,該能怎么寫開頭。
My motivation to study economics actually came as a surprise, as I had expected the subject would be mainly concerned with acquiring money. However, from our first lesson I realized that economics is truly about maximizing the happiness of society. Good economists advocating politics which are just a fraction more effective can make positive differences to the lives of huge numbers of people. This is what excites me about economics, and constantly thinking in terms of economics has become second nature to me…..
這個開頭非常不錯。為何經濟學有趣呢?因為它打破了作者對于經濟學的刻板印象——原以為它只跟賺錢有關。動機源于好奇心,非常不錯。接著作者通過引入自己上課學到的知識,繼續表達了自己對學科的興趣。
最為重要的,是作者用的兩個看起來普通,但傳達意思很重要的短語:
…..from our first lesson I realized that economics is truly……
……This is what excites me about economics…….
經濟學是個*羅萬象的學科,很難用一句話來概括它。作者通過兩個表達個人理解和興趣的短語,解釋清楚了“自己”作為個體,對該學科的興趣。既簡潔,又客觀謙虛,值得我們學習。
再看一個經濟學的:
My interest in economics has grown out of two diverse sources. One the one hand, an international perspective and a critical attitude to global issues is my lucky inheritance, given my mother’s engagement in international media and my father’s interest in Latin American culture....On the other hand, from an early age I enjoyed the benefits of having an aptitude for mathematics and the pleasure of abstract problem solving…….
說說優點。**,動機描述很簡潔:My interest in economics has grown out of…. 第二,比較personal,從自己的家庭環境影響,以及自己對數學的興趣兩方面描述,進行了融合。
缺點有一個,開頭用了一個“陳詞濫調”—from an early age. 用中文講,就是這孩子打小聰明。模糊的時間節點,一方面不真實,一方面太多人這么寫了。如果作者可以把它換成在數學課上產生的興趣,就更為好。
總結
開頭方法很多種,但核心要回答的問題只有兩個:
1. 你為什么要選擇這個學科?——這個學科是什么?
2. 你的動機源自何處?——個人經歷?家庭環境?課后思考?一本書?
開頭常見問題:
1. 學科科普,介紹這個學科是什么。你不是百科全書,招生官沒準懂得比你多。
2. 陳詞濫調:用from an early age/ a young age, 講自己打小就感興趣。
3. 只描述興趣,不描述動機。可以簡單到一句話的事,沒多少字。
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